Liminality (from the Latin word līmen, meaning "a
threshold"[1]) is a psychological, neurological, or metaphysical
subjective state, conscious or unconscious, of being on the
"threshold" of or between two different existential planes, as
defined in neurological psychology (a "liminal state") and in the anthropological
theories of ritual by such writers as Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner.[2]
As developed by van Gennep (and later Turner), the term is
used to “refer to in-between situations and conditions that are characterized
by the dislocation of established structures, the reversal of hierarchies, and
uncertainty regarding the continuity of tradition and future outcomes”.[3]
Although initially developed as a means to analyze the middle stage in ritual
passages, it is “now considered by some to be a master concept in the social
and political sciences writ large”.[4] In this sense, it is very useful when
studying “events or situations that involve the dissolution of order, but which
are also formative of institutions and structures.”[5]
The term has passed into broad popular usage, and arguably
at least 'the very wide extension of the notion of liminality had the
unfortunate consequence of undermining its initial power'.[6] As an
anthropological concept, liminality can be applied to “a variety of concrete
problems of transformation in the historical, social, and political world”.[7]
It is particularly useful as a tool for analyzing both contemporary events and
problems, and for analyzing and comparing various historical periods.[8]
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